HOW TO WRITE SUMMARY:

1. READ THE OUT THE THROUGH OUT PASSAGE.

2. FIND THE BASIC THEME OF  PASSAGE AND GIVE TITLE WITH THE HELP OF THEME.

3.AVOID UNNECESSARY EXPLANATION.

4. AVOID EXAMPLES GIVEN FOR EXPLANATION.

5. PREPARE 1/3 PARAGRAPH OF GIVEN EXTRACT.

6. NO NEED TO MAKE PARAGRAPH.

7.PASSAGE MAY DIVIDE IN MANY PARAGRAPHS, SO READ THE SINGLE PARAGRAPH AND TRY TO CONVERT THE INFORMATION IN SHORT SENTENCE. FOLLOW THE SAME PROCESS FOR REMAINING PARAGRAPH.

8.WRITE THE SUMMARY OF THE PASSAGE IN YOUR WORDS.

9. IN BOARD EXAM, TRY TO COMPLETE YOUR ANSWER WITHIN 6 -7 MINUTES. 

 

Unseen passage for summary writing. 01

Freedom of the Press is the very foundation of and an essential condition for a successful Democracy.  It is the backbone of Democracy.  In India, the freedom of the Press has been guaranteed by the Constitution.  The Press is supposed to be an active link between the government and the people in a democratic country.  It investigates official lapses and makes the facts public.  It is, in fact, a watch-dog of democracy.  It keeps the government on its toes by exposing its various misdoings and acts as a true mirror of public opinion.

                The people in a democratic country have a right to know things and this right is a part of the Fundamental Right of Freedom of Speech and Expression.  Hence it is the duty of the Press to keep the people informed, educated and alert.  The freedom of the Press does not, however, mean freedom to distort facts, freedom to blackmail people or freedom to indulge in character assassination or cheap sensationalism.  The Press is meant to educate public opinion; it is not meant to incite people to senseless violence.  The press is not an enemy of the government; it is supposed to help government efforts in creating a healthy climate in society. 

                The Press in India, has by and large, been enjoying complete and unfettered freedom.  But, at times, it seems that the Press does not play its part in a responsible manner.  The freedom enjoyed by the Press is grossly misused.  At times, a section of the Press is clearly committed to a line of thought and refuses to look at things objectively.  Not only that, some papers openly promote communal hatred and create unnecessary tensions through baseless news and biased views.

Write the summary of the above extract with given points. Give a suitable title for your summary.

Press a backbone of democracy---------acts as a true mirror-------------freedom of speech a fundamental right-------------press educate people-------freedom misused------------should avoid baseless news.

Unseen passage for summary writing. 02

    Today, the craze of advertisement of manufactured goods is on the increase.  The art of advertisement is, in fact, a modern development.  It has revolutionized the modern trade.  Modern life is highly complex and mechanical.  People have no time to go into the soul of things.  They want to buy largely advertised goods.  The manufacturer, in his turn, wants to popularize his goods before these are manufactured.  Such is the craze for advertised goods. We are living in the age of advertisement.   No wonder, one sees shining and multi-colored bill-boards hung on poles displaying goods advertised.  

    The city walls are found lettered with eye-catching advertisements of products that are manufactured today.  There is a spate of magazines and journals which spare pages for latest variety of goods manufactured.  Radio and Television are humming with advertisements of new products.  In fact, many a time, one gets sick of these advertisements repeated hundreds of times on the radio or TV screen.

There are various methods of advertisement.  The most popular and useful method is to send advertisements in newspapers and magazines.  Television is no less powerful a medium for advertising goods.  There is always a great demand for advertisement space of footage and much money flows to the advertising medial.  In certain cases the advertisement cost runs into thousands of rupees for a products advertised.  

    Advertisements are sometimes so scientifically and intelligently planned that they change the entire psychology of the consumers.  Advertisements thus hold the sway and no manufacturer can do without it.  A thing may not have an intrinsic value but it must be well advertised.  We live in a glamorous world of advertisement. 

Read the above passage and compose a summary in your words with the help of given points. Give a suitable title for it.

Advertisement and modern trade---------- manufacturer popularize his things---------------various methods of advertisement-------------- cost ----------- attracts the customers----------value of advertisement.

Unseen passage for summary writing. 03

The problem of air, noise and water pollution is assuming serious proportions.  Increasing industrialization is playing havoc with the environment.  Industrial wasters, smoke and other gases are polluting the air in a big way.  Apart from industries, the density of traffic is also contributing to air pollution.  The emission of smoke and toxic chemicals  have been raising the level of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere.  The permissible limits of noise pollution have been exceeded in the cities of Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai.  Air pollution is responsible for respiratory ailments, T.B., skin allergy, eye ailment even cancer and mental retardation of children.  Proliferation of chemical industries has accentuated the problem. There are even more  dangerous chemicals in use in the country that MIC of the Union Carbide factory at Bhopal.

                River waters have been polluted largely because of discharge of untreated industrial wastes and municipal sullage and drainage of pesticides and fertilizers.  All these have adversely affected their self-purifying mechanism by destroying their natural aquatic species.

                Exhaust from automobiles is a significant source of air pollution.  A large number of vehicles emit three to four per cent of carbon monoxide which is dangerous to health.  Increase of chemicals in the atmosphere causes acid rains hundreds of miles away.  These rains damage the soil, destroy vegetation and aquatic species in river and sea.  They also corrode buildings.

                The thin layer of ozone in the atmosphere is a form of life-sustaining system.  It cuts out ultra-violet rays and allows the heat generating infrared rays to reach the earth.  But due to industrialization and consequent pollution, the rate of depletion of the ozone layer is large.  Its inability to absorb ultra-violet rays may lead to “green-house” effect and wide-spread incidence of cancer.

Unseen passage for summary writing. 04

India is a vast country inhabited by people speaking different languages.  Languages has, therefore, been a very controversial issue right since India became free.  Different political leaders and educationists have been expressing different opinions on the subject.  Even today the issue remains as unresolved as it was half a century ago.

                English was introduced in our schools and colleges by the Britishers.  It gradually took firm roots in the soil of our hand.  India is a vast country.  English played an important role in the freedom struggle.  The contribution of English in this respect cannot be undermined.

                It was believed that after the departure of the English from India, English would also be discarded. But, in reality, this language has continued to occupy an important place in the country.  It was laid down by our Constituent Assembly that Hindi, our national language, would replace English within 15 years.  All felt that the common language of the country must be some Indian language.  But circumstances took such a shape that English had to be recognized as the second official language of the country.

India is trying to become a powerful nation in all spheres.  The economic, social and political life of the nation is to be changed.  It is an uphill task.  Progress is possible only if the people of India freely interact with their counterparts in other developed countries of the world. People in other countries are making rapid progress in numerous fields of knowledge.  English is our life-line of contact with the outside world.  It is an important bridge for the traffic of thought between the East and the West.  English continues to be an important language used by computers and commercial establishments in major parts of the world